History and analysis of primark stores - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2532 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Fashion Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Primark stores ltd is famous for the trading of high street quality clothes with simple designs and fabrics for all genders, ages and in various sizes to fashion conscious individuals for cheap prices. It was incorporated on 30 April 1948 and has its head quarters in Dublin, Ireland. The first store was opened in June 1969 and within a year 4 more stores were opened. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History and analysis of primark stores" essay for you Create order Primarks story has been one of continuous success as they now have 215 stores across United Kingdom and six other countries. Primark has about 21,827 employees, and operate from over 6.0 million square feet of selling. It is also a subsidiary of Associated British Foods Plc (ABF). As retailers they have various competitors such as Next Plc, Newlook, TK maxx and many others. In assessing the financial situation of Primark it is required to look at its balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Ratio analysis was carried out for Primark over a five year period in order to identify the trend and also two of its competitors (Next Plc and Newlook) to be able to know how primark is doing in the industry. Revenue and Profitability Primarks revenue has been increasing considerably over the five years period. There was an increase in sales by 13.64% to pound;1743.01million in 2009, 18.13% to pound;1533.79million in 2008, 41.86% to pound;1298.4million in 2007 and 21.29% to pound;915.3million in 2006. Profit however increased by 78.77% in 2009 and 7.54% in 2006 and declined significantly in 2007 by 33.99 and 2008 by 55.07%. In 2009, Primark opened 5 new stores in different countries and thereby increasing profit and sales. The growth in Cost of sales and expenses exceeded that of sales hence a decline in profit. Interpretation of financial statements Ratios are essential in ascertaining the worth of a company. Ratios help in checking the performance of a company. This performance could be against past periods (Trend analysis), similar businesses and planned performance. Profitability and return ratios Gross Profit Margin Primarks gross profit margin in decreased in 2009 by 0.20%, increased by 0.4% in 2008, decreased by 3.2% in 2007 and increased by 0.3% in 2006. It is a measure of profitability in buying (or producing) and selling goods before any other expenses are taken into account (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp215). A decline in these ratio shows that gross profit was lower when compared to the sales revenue. This also shows that the cost of sales was higher relative to the sales revenue in 2009 and 2007, than in 2008 and 2006. Next and Newlook had higher margins when compared to primark and continuous growth from 2005 to 2009 except the slight decline in 2008 for next and 2007 for newlook. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 20.5% 20.80% 17.60% 18% 17.80% Next Plc 26.10% 26% 26.50% 26% 27.40% New look 53.30% 56% 55.10% 58% 59% Net Profit Margin Net profit margin increased by 1.07% in 2009 but decreased by 3.05% in 2008, 5.68% in 2007 and 1.30% in 2006. In 2005 for every pound;1 of sales revenue an average of 11.90p was left as profit, after paying for other expenses of operating the business. This dropped significantly as the years progressed. In 2008 it became 1.87p, but and increase to 2.94p occurred in 2009. Newlook and Next did better than Primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 11.90% 10.60% 4.92% 1.87% 2.94% Next Plc 6.38% 6.90% 8.47% 8.06% 13.60% New look 13.60 % 13.3% 11.60% 14.40% 10.70% Return on capital employed (ROCE) ROCE is essential in analyzing the performance of a business. It compares the inputs (capital invested) with outputs (Profit) (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005 pp214). Primarks ratio declined continuously from 2005 to 2009. Next had the best ROCE but primarks did better than newlook and also had a high ratio which indicates that the profit generated in the utilization of the companys resources. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.55 Next Plc 1.70 7.20 1.73 0.81 0.64 New look 0.36 0.25 0.18 0.16 0.15 Return on asset (ROA) It measures productivity of the assets by indicating how effective the management of the company utilizes the earnings generated from the assets. Primarks ROA increased in 2009 by 1.54% but subsequently declined in the remaining years, in 2008 by 2.98%, in 2007 by 3.35% and 8.44% in 2006. For each pound invested in the asset Primark made 3.77p in 2009, 2.23p in 2008, 5.21p in 2007 and 8.56p in 2006. Next and Newlook utilizes the earnings generated from their assets when compared to primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 17% 8.56% 5.21% 2.23% 3.77% Next Plc 5.09% 5.88% 7.02% 6.56% 10% New look 18.2% 14% 10.90% 12.80% 10% Return on Equity (ROE) ROE measures the profitability of the returns of shareholders funds invested. †¦If an investment in a particular company presents a greater risk, the higher degree of uncertainty should be rewarded with a greater potential return (Kramer, Johnson, 2009). The ROE increased in 2009 by 9% but declined in 2008 by 17%, in 2007 by 11% and in 2006 by 1%. Next and Newlook generated returns fairly better than Primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 40% 39% 28% 11% 20% Next Plc 55.3% 26.19% 67.9% 35.6% 37.8% New look 37.7% 25.7% 21.2% 22.6% 21.4% Gross profit margin on inventory investment The GPMOI declined all through except in 2008 where it remained stagnant. This figures show that Newlook and Next are more productive than primark as they generate more returns on gross profit from the inventory invested when compared to primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 1.63 1.62 1.47 1.47 1.30 Next Plc 2.40 2.70 2.91 2.69 2.87 New look 8.43 7.02 6.49 7.33 6.21 Graph showing the profitability and return ratios Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio The current ratio indicates how well a company would be able to pay its short term obligations as they fall due. This relationship of current assets to current liabilities is an attempt to show the safety of current debt holders claims in case of default (Helfert,2001). The higher the ratio the more liquid the company is considered to be (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp225). After the decline in current ratio to 0.2 in 2006 from 0.30 in 2005, there has been a continuous increase from then till 2009. Usually the accepted ratio is usually between 1 and 1.5. Primark and Next have low current ratios and this could be seen as an issue because it means they would not be able to easily pay their short term obligation. On the other hand, Newlook has sufficient funds to pay their debt as they fall due. If the ratio is high it could also mean that the company is tying most of its funds in cash and other liquid assets. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0.3 times 0.2 times 0.21 times 0.26 times 0.27 times Next Plc 0.24 times 0.23 times 0.26 times 0.28 times 0.28 times New look 1.61 times 1.15 times 1.3 times 1.6 times 2 times Cash generated from operations to maturing obligations Primarks ratios increased in 2009 to 0.019 times from 0.017 in 2008. A major decline occurred in 2006 by 66.92% and then it improved from then on. Primark and Newlook have poor ratios. This means that it would be hard for them to meet their maturing obligations as they fall due. Higher ratios signify better liquidity. Next has a better chance of meeting their obligations. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0.013 times 0.0043 times 0.0026 times 0.017 times 0.019 times Next Plc 0.036 times 0.074 times 0.14 times 0.25 times 0.31 times New look 0.015 times 0.018 times 0.036 times 0.006 times 0.008 times Efficiency ratios Average inventory turnover period It measures the number of day in a year that it takes a company to sell its inventories. It took primark 61 days in 2009 to sell or turn over the inventories held and when compared to prior years the difference is not much although there was an increase in 2009. Next has a better turnover period but Primark s turnover is better than that of newlook. A business will normally prefer a short stock turnover period to a long one, as funds tied up in stocks cannot be used for other purposes (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp218). 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 58 days 59 days 53 days 56 days 61 days Next Plc 54 days 47 days 45 days 47 days 48 days New look 49 days 66 days 69 days 70 days 85 days Average settlement period for creditors This ratio measures the number of days on average it takes the company to pay its creditors. Most companies try to increase their trade payable periods because it could be regarded as a short term free finance. It takes Primark and Next 24 days to pay their creditors in 2009 and there was not much difference in prior years. However, it took newlook 90days to pay its creditors. The reputation of the company is at stake when the number of days is high. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 27 days 27 days 20 days 25 days 24 days Next Plc 24 days 22 days 23 days 27.4 days 24 days New look 49 days 80 days 64 days 68 days 90 days Sales revenue to capital employed The sales revenue to capital employed ratio (or asset turnover ratio) examines how effectively the assets of the business are being used to generate sales revenue (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp220). The higher the ratio the better. There was an increase in 2009 by 1.90%, in 2008 by 37.98%, in 2007 by 51.29% and 2006 by 2.86%. This signifies that there has been an improvement, since revenue increased in 2009 for each pound;1 of capital employed (pound;10.7) when compared to that of 2008 (pound;10.5) and that of the Next (pound;4.71) and Newlook (pound;1.43). 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 4.89 times 5.03 times 7.61 times 10.5 times 10.7 times Next Plc 12.9 times 58 times 12.02 times 6.31 times 4.71 times New look 2.67 times 2.05 times 1.86 times 1.58 times 1.43 times Gearing ratios Capital gearing The gearing ratio measures the contribution of long-term lenders to the long-term capital structure of a business (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp230). The capital gearing in primark, Newlook and Next are relatively low and this means that most of funds used in acquiring assets and ongoing operations are the funds invested by shareholders. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 1.10% 7.70% 8% 10% 9% Next Plc 0% 0% 0% 0% 1.5% New look 1.9% 4.4% 5.6% 6.1% 0% Debt to worth ratio This ratio measures the financial strength of a company by comparing the amount owed to creditors to the funds invested by the shareholders. It is exposes the debt of a company. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 2.42 5.58 6.59 8.58 7.98 Next Plc 15.2 67.2 13.5 6.69 4.51 New look 1.02 1.01 1.07 0.85 0.61 Interest cover This is signifies the number of times the profits of the company covers the interest owed to creditors. The ratio declined dramatically from a position where profit could cover interest 6.4 times in 2006 to 1.39 times in 2007, 0.52 times in 2008 and 1.36 times in 2009. Newlook has the highest ratio and this indicates the availability of funds to cover interest payable and this reduces the risk for lenders. A small decline in the profit of primark in 2009 would have left the business with insufficient funds to cover the interest payment. Next profits cover its interest by 5.67 times. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0 times 6.4 times 1.39 times 0.52 times 1.36 times Next Plc 1.94 times 2.24 times 2.43 times 2.68 times 5.67 times New look 96.4 times 24.6 times 7.47 times 13.4 times 106 times Productivity ratio Sale/employee Every company would like to have a high ratio because it shows the effectiveness of the employees in that company. Primarks ratio increased in 2009 by 8.55%, in 2008 by 7.52% and declined in 2007 by 1.75% and 2006 by 8.26%. New branches where opened in 2009 and 2008 hence increasing the number of employees. This ratio indicates that the employees have been working effectively. Next is fairly better than primark in terms of productivity of the employees in relation to sales revenue but primark did better than newlook. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark pound;75,906 pound;69,636 pound;68,420 pound;73,567 pound;79,856 Next Plc pound;73,189 pound;70,375 pound;72,348 pound;73,698 pound;81,564 New look pound;63,175 pound;62,269 pound;63,200 pound;120,732 pound;63,617 SWOT ANALYSIS This is an effective business analysis model used in executing any companys internal and external analysis. Internal analysis considers the strengths and weaknesses of the company while external analysis considers the opportunities and threats faced by an organization. STRENGTH The organization structure of primark is simple and orderly. Primark provides high street quality clothes for all ages, gender and sizes for cheap prices and this is beneficial because their competitors (Next and Newlook) prices are not as cheap therefore greater number of customers in primark. They have been around for awhile (over 41 years) and have been a key player in the retail business and this gives the competitive advantage. They implemented the ethical trading policy which focuses on respect for workers, that is, improving the working lives of people across the globe that is within the supply chai n. Next and Newlook are also implement the ethical trade policy. Primark has won several awards. Some of which are the prestigious retail week award 2010 for outstanding contribution to retail, Multi Market Retailer of the Year Oracle World Retail Awards , Best Outfit for under pound;50 Award Fabulous High Street Awards 2010 and many others. During the recession Primark sales still increased by 41.86% while Newlook where majorly affected. Primark continued to thrive in the recession, with sales at the discount clothing chain up by 21% since last September. (Wearden, guardian). New look planned to get listed on the London stock exchange. The chain aims to expand to compete with other budget rivals such as Primark. It will also use the proceeds to pay down debt (Dailymail). Nexts turnover increased by 0.97% during the recession and this was because a major supplier was also affected by the recession. WEAKNESS Primark relies on customers to talk about their product since they h ave no form of advertisement. Competitors such as newlook and next rely on advertisement which is an advantage for them. Primark stores are usually crowded because the prices are cheap. The return process and payment for sales tend to be slow due to large number of customers. Unlike Next and newlook the customer service is faster as the queue is usually not as long as that of primarks. Primark does not fully comply with rules governing working conditions, living wages, working hours, legal requirements. Figure 1.1 shows the extent of their non-compliance. OPPORTUNITIES Opportunity to provide cheap quality clothes to fashion conscious individuals regardless of variation in age, gender and size in various countries in the world. THREATS They have big and established competitors who have also been in the retail business for awhile. Relying on people to do your advertising might not be a good idea because there is no guaranty that they are spreading good words about the comp any. PESTLE Analysis This is a model of business analysis that is used to understand the environment in which the company is operating in. It considers how various factors such as political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental affects Primark. POLITICAL Primarks operations are subject to government policies and regulations such as tax policies, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restriction, tariffs and political stability which affect the business costs. Most businesses tend to pass this cost to final consumers but primark keeps their overhead cost very low in order for them to sell to customers at a cheap price. Primark is a member of the Ethical Trading Initiative and they are determined to succeed on their own merit and not at the expense of others. Economic factors The economic factor considers economic growth, interest rate, recession, exchange rate and inflation rate. Primark is located in different countries and has glo bal presence. If the exchange rate of a supplying country increases this could affect primarks business or the interest rate of creditors increasing. Primark has grown significantly in the past years. In 2009, Primark opened 5 stores in various countries. Social Factor Primark has a corporate social responsibility which aims at giving all employees equal opportunities, treating suppliers fairly, supporting and respecting local communities and taking environmental responsibilities seriously. Technological Factor There is rapid change in technology and every organization should try to be at par with the change. Growth and development would be impeded if an organization does not meet the trend. In 2009, Primark invested in an auditing software (Entropy Software) that is designed to help in the effective management of suppliers with compliance to ethical standards. Primark has also set some targets to achieve in the coming year such as developing buyer reporting function on Entropy database, Launch ethical trading extranet (Online information resource) for suppliers and factories. Legal Factors The government regularly change laws in line with political polices thus causing businesses to respond to changes in legal framework. Environmental analysis Asides from Primark providing jobs for people in the environment they also support many local charitable organizations, community projects and they also replaced plastic carrier bags with paper bags thus reducing their impact on the environment. Conclusion

Uneven Health Care Services in Australia - 1663 Words

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In order to determine the effects of rural life on the health of individuals one must first determine the difference of met ropolitan and define what is actually meant by ‘rural and remote areas’ within Australia. Without the comparison of urban and rural areas how can one determine the extent of health hazards? The way rural and remote is defined is very important. It is used to assess health and workforce needs, and the resources allocated to meet the needs of the health of individuals within communities. There are many different classification systems that have been developed to define remote and rural Australia. These systems are used toShow MoreRelatedAustralian Health Care Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesOral health in Australia is a concern. The impact of poor dental health can instigate ulcers, gingivitis, gum disease and damage one’s overall health. 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Slim Wave in Singapore Free Essays

A number of diet pill manufacturers from China, such as Kunming Dali Industry and Guangzhou Shining Trading, are riding on Singapore’s â€Å"slim wave† to make money. In Asia, the idea of a slim figure has turned from a Hollywood-induced dream into an obsession. The glossy magazines geared toward women have covers adorned with slim, petite models. We will write a custom essay sample on Slim Wave in Singapore or any similar topic only for you Order Now Local newspapers constantly feature advertisements portraying slim actresses and models who have transformed themselves from bloated balloons into sunbathing beauties. Slimming is increasingly seen as one of the panaceas for Singapore’s societal ills, many young women feel that being slimmer can change the way they feel about themselves. The obesity rate among young Chinese women in Singapore is only 4. 2 percent. However, Singapore is ranked fifth in per capita consumption of diet pills in the world. Even the women who are not obese are taking diet pills to be slimmer. This has led to a whole host of products claiming to reduce weight with little effort flooding the market. Advertisements claim that they promote â€Å"the natural way to losing weight,† that they allow women to â€Å"lose kilograms without avoiding [their] favorite foods. † The idea they sell—that a natural product or method can reduce weight without exercise or diet—is obviously tempting. However, most of these over-the-counter diet pills have negative side effects, and often go to market without undergoing comprehensive clinical tests. The Health Services Authority of Singapore requires that all diet pills sold in Singapore should list ingredients visibly. Since most of these products use the natural herbal name, the exact nature of the chemicals used remains unknown to the user. In addition, the Internet offers the average Singaporean buyer another host of â€Å"slimming medicines† that are not bound by these regulations, and fail to list ingredients at all. 3 The tragic incidents in Singapore caused by the Slim 10 pills created a wave of shock among the health professionals and authorities around the globe in 2002. Andrea De Cruz, a 28-year-old TV actress suffered a failed liver because she was on Slim 10 diet pills for two months, but her life was saved by her fiance’s kindness to donate part of his liver to her. A43- year-old woman, Selvarani Raja, was not so lucky, and she died of liver failure from taking Slim 10 pills. Unfortunately, these tragic cases have been all but forgotten, and the Singapore market for such drugs is more flooded than ever before. Pharmacies sell these pills in their main aisles, in plain sight. Diet pill advertorials constantly air on radio stations; many blogs claim to provide positive information on the new medications and their supposed effectiveness. The Singapore government has initiated a number of programs to promote healthier diet and regular exercise to control obesity, through community organizations. In spite of this, the usage of diet pills is increasing. With good weather year-round and well laid-out jogging and cycling tracks throughout the islands, what is stopping Singaporeans from sweating it out, and choosing quick-fix, hazardous medication instead? How to cite Slim Wave in Singapore, Essay examples

The Impact of Structure on an Organization

The Impact of Structure on an organization Structures allow managers to control the employees effectively. The impacts of structures in an organization are dependent on the reporting structure in a company. Structure affects organizational culture at the workplace. An appropriate company structure helps in the development of a healthy organizational culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Structure on an Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Structure also affects customer relations. Undefined departmental relations in an organization affect the way customer issues are addressed, thus, affecting customer relations. Structures also have an impact on organizational communication. Structures that have a strict chain of command affect interdepartmental communication. Additionally, rigid organizational structures affect job satisfaction and increase anxiety in employees. Organizational structure s also affect project implementation. Rigid structures limit the sharing of resources between departments towards a particular project. Management and Leadership Management Leadership -Management is more concerned with implementation of business plans – Leadership is more vision-oriented -Mostly concerned with adapting to the existing culture or situation -Aims at changing the existing culture or situation positively -Focuses on being empowered by people to operate effectively -Mostly concerned with empowering people towards a certain goal -Its major concern is how to avoid negative impacts -Majorly concerned with positive possible outcomes -To avoid risks, managers fail to manage their strengths and weakness to achieve greater goals -Leaders understand their strengths and weaknesses and learn from their mistakes -Managers have efficient skills to manage an organization -Leaders possess positive qualities and character to lead not necessarily skills Organiza tional Behavior Theories The main theories that explain organizational behavior include the systems approach, the scientific management theory, the quantitative approach, the contingency approach, and administrative theorist approach. In scientific management, a standard operating procedure is established for a particular task, hence, promotes skill development. The administrative approach also emphasizes on skill development through specialty departments within a company. In contrast, the quantitative approach is essentially useful in management of inventories, payrolls and quality control. The systems theory focuses on the management of the different departments within an organization in order to increase organizational performance. The contingency approach provides for an alternative plan in case one course of action fails. This essay on The Impact of Structure on an Organization was written and submitted by user Ava Becker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Easy Method to Prepare a Chemical Solution

Easy Method to Prepare a Chemical Solution Heres a quick overview of how to prepare a solution when the final concentration is expressed as M or molarity. You prepare a solution by dissolving a known mass of solute (often a solid) into a specific amount of a solvent. One of the most common ways to express the concentration of the solution is M or molarity, which is moles of solute per liter of solution. Example of How to Prepare a Solution Prepare 1 liter of 1.00 M NaCl solution. First, calculate the molar mass of NaCl which is the mass of a mole of Na plus the mass of a mole of Cl or 22.99 35.45 58.44 g/mol Weigh out 58.44 g NaCl.Place the NaCl in a 1-liter volumetric flask.Add a small volume of distilled, deionized water to dissolve the salt.Fill the flask to the 1 L line. If a different molarity is required, then multiply that number times the molar mass of NaCl. For example, if you wanted a 0.5 M solution, you would use 0.5 x 58.44 g/mol of NaCl in 1 L of solution or 29.22 g of NaCl. Important Points to Remember Molarity is expressed in terms of liter of solution, not liters of solvent. To prepare a solution, the flask is filled to the mark. In other words, it is incorrect to a 1 liter of water to a mass of sample to prepare a molar solution.Sometimes its necessary to adjust the pH of a solution. To do this, add enough water to dissolve the solute. Then add an acid or base solution dropwise (usually a hydrochloric acid or HCl solution for acid or sodium hydroxide or NaOH solution for a base) to reach the desired pH. Then add more water to reach the mark on the glassware. Adding more water wont change the pH value.

Examples of Diacritical Marks

Examples of Diacritical Marks In phonetics, a diacritical mark is a  glyph- or symbol- added to a letter that alters its sense, function, or pronunciation. It is also known as a diacritic or an accent mark. A  diacritical mark is a point, sign, or squiggle added or attached to a letter or character to indicate appropriate stress, special pronunciation, or unusual sounds not common in the Roman alphabet, according to  L. Kip  Wheeler, a professor at Carson-Newman University in Tennessee. Purpose While diacritical marks are more common in foreign languages, you do encounter them quite often in English. For example, diacritics are often used with  certain French loanwords,  words  that are imported into one  language  from another language. Cafà © and clichà ©Ã‚  are loanwords  from French that contain a diacritical mark called an acute accent, which helps indicate how the  final  e  is pronounced. Diacritical marks are used in dozens of other foreign languages, including  Afrikaans, Arabic, Hebrew,  Filipino, Finnish, Greek, Galician, Irish, Italian, Spanish, and Welsh. These marks can change not only the pronunciation but also the meaning of a word. One example in English is rà ©sumà © or resumà © versus resume. The first two terms are nouns that mean  curriculum vitae, while the second is a verb meaning to return to or begin again.   Diacritical Marks in English There are literally dozens of diacritical marks, but it is helpful to learn the basic diacritics in English, as well as their functions. Some of the marks and explanations are adapted from a  list of diacritical marks  created by Professor Wheeler. Diacritical Mark Purpose Examples Acute accent Used with certain French loanwords cafà ©, clichà © Apostrophe * Indicates possession or the omission of a letter children's, don't Cedilla Attached to the bottom of the letter c in French loanwords, indicating a soft c faà §ade Circumflex accent Indicates reduced primary stress à ©levtor à ´pertor Diaeresis or Umlaut Used with certain names and words as a guide to pronunciation Chloà «, Brontà «, coà ¶perate, naà ¯ve Grave accent Occasionally used in poetry to indicate that a normally silent vowel should be pronounced learnà ¨d Macron or Stress Mark A dictionary notation to signify "long" vowel sounds pÄ dÄ  for payday Tilde In Spanish loan words, the tilde indicates a /y/ sound added to a consonant. caà ±on or pià ±a colada Tilde In Portuguese loanwords, the tilde indicates nasalized vowels. So Paulo *Because marks of punctuation arent added to letters, theyre generally not regarded as diacritics. However, an exception is sometimes made for apostrophes. Examples of Diacritics Diacritical marks are plentiful in English-language articles and books. Writers and  lexicographers  have used the marks to great advantage over the years as these examples show: Acute accent:  Feluda handed over the blue  attachà © case  before he sat down.- Satyajit Ray, The Complete Adventures of Feluda Apostrophe: Lets go down to my house and have some more fun,  Nancy said. Mother wont let us, I said. Its too late now. Dont bother her, Nancy said.- William Faulkner, That Evening Sun Go Down. The American Mercury, 1931 Diaeresis  or Umlaut:  Five young activists were voted into office, bringing political validation to a youth-driven movement dismissed by establishment elders as naà ¯ve, unschooled, and untenable.- Youthquake. Time,   Oct. 6, 2016 Grave accent:  Margret stood in her chamber;Shed sewn a silken seam.She lookà ¨d east an she lookà ¨d west,An  she saw those woods grow green.Tam Lin, The Traditional Tunes of the Child Ballads Macron: neighbornoun  Ã‚  neigh ·bor   \ˈnÄ -bÉ™r\- Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed., 2009 Diacritics in Foreign Languages As noted, there are literally dozens of diacritical marks in foreign languages. Wheeler gives these examples: Swedish and Norse words may also use the circle marking above certain vowels (à ¥), and Czechoslovakian words may use the hacek  (ˆ), a wedge-shaped symbol to indicate a ch sound as in English chill. But unless you learn- or at least develop a proficiency- in those languages, you wont know how to read the words and letters altered by diacritical marks. You should, however, learn where these marks have become common in English- and where they have been dropped, notes  Shelley Townsend-Hudson in The Christian Writers Manual of Style. It can be tricky to know when to retain the diacritical marks, she says: The language is in flux. It is becoming more common, for example, to see the acute accent and diacritics being dropped from the words  clichà ©, cafà ©, and  naà ¯ve- thus,  cliche, cafe, and  naive. But dropping diacritical marks can change the meaning of a word. Townsend-Hudson argues that in many cases you should retain these crucial marks, particularly various accents, to ensure you are referring to the correct word, such as  pà ¢tà ©Ã‚  instead of  pate: The first use means  a spread of finely chopped or pureed seasoned meat, while the second refers the crown of the head- certainly a great difference in meaning. Diacritical marks are also important when you are referring to foreign place names, such as  So Paulo, Gà ¶ttingen, and  Cà ³rdoba  and personal names such as  Salvador Dalà ­, Molià ¨re, and  Karel ÄÅ'apek, she notes. Understanding diacritical marks is the key, then, to correctly identifying and even using many of the foreign words that have migrated into the English language.

ENGINEERING PRODUCTS LTD (CASE STUDY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ENGINEERING PRODUCTS LTD (CASE STUDY) - Essay Example uman Resources (HR) department acquires an importance in the success or failure of the company’s international operations (Quintanilla and Ferner, 2003). The HR department adopts numerous ways in which they could attempt homogenization of the various practices that are being adopted in the Headquarter of the company so that the uniformity in the products with respect to the quality can be achieved, as it is the order of the day that the customers insist on the consistency in the product design and quality. Such consistency can be achieved only by integrating the practices throughout the organization. While the HR Management takes the efforts for integration, they are usually confronted with various issues of power and control which are outlined in this paper while analyzing the case of Engineering Products Limited. The paper also discusses the implications on the managers and non-managers of the organization as a result of such integration efforts. Engineering Products Limited with more than 33,000 workers undertook a restructuring and expansion plan out of which the company expanded globally with more than half of the employees work in their overseas locations. Having three distinct business areas in automotive components, defence and industrial services, the company’s automotive components division being the largest have its employees scattered in the European countries Germany, France and Spain. A smaller percentage of them are placed in UK as well as North America. With the major customers of the company insisting on the same specification of the components produced in all the company’s location, the HR Department of the company is in an attempt to transfer the ‘best practices’ of the company to all its locations. For that purpose they adopt the following methods: One of the key areas of attention of the Management at the Head Quarter of the company is to adopt various management structures that can possibly help the exchange of information among